Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh cơ bản

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clauses): Kiến thức cô đọng với 4 tuyệt chiêu làm bài chính xác

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Khi bạn có 2, 3 câu nói về cùng 1 đối tượng (người vật, sự kiện…) và bạn muốn gộp 2,3 câu đó lại cho gọn thì mệnh đề quan hệ chính là cấu trúc bạn cần dùng đến.

Cùng xem ví dụ sau để hiểu về Mệnh đề quan hệ – Relative clauses nhé:

  • I met a scientist. She works at Oxford.

→ Thay vì viết hai câu tách biệt như trên, mệnh đề quan hệ giúp hợp nhất thông tin: I met a scientist who works at Oxford.

Hoăc:

  • There is a point in the process. At that point, additional supervision becomes necessary.

→ There is a point in the process when additional supervision becomes necessary

Đây là bài học Mệnh đề quan hệ trong series 35 bài học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh chủ chốt. Hoàn tất series này, bạn sẽ có nền tảng ngữ pháp vững vàng.

List dưới đây là lộ trình học ngữ pháp chuẩn từ con số 0: Học đúng thứ tự, bám sát từng bài để củng cố kiến thức bạn nhé:

Chặng 1:

Chặng 2:

Chặng 3:

Chặng 4:

Chặng 5:

Chặng 6:

Chặng 7:

>>> Click xem toàn bộ list bài học
Thu gọn

Tổng hợp về Mệnh đề quan hệ – Relative clause

Mệnh đề quan hệ chính là một câu nhỏ dùng để giải thích thêm cho một danh từ (thường là một người, một vật, một nơi chốn…). Câu nhỏ này được nối vào danh từ đó bằng các đại từ quan hệ – relative pronouns và trạng từ quan hệ – relative adverbs như:

  • who (người),
  • which (vật),
  • that (người hoặc vật)
  • where (nơi chốn)…

Các đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ trên giúp diễn tả rõ hơn xem đó là người nào, vật nào, hoặc nơi nào. Đại từ quan hệ có thể đóng vai trò là:

  • Chủ ngữ nếu nó làm hành động trong câu nhỏ. Ví dụ: The boy is running. He is my brother. → The boy who is running is my brother. → “who is running” là mệnh đề quan hệ.
  • Tân ngữ nếu nó nhận hành động trong câu nhỏ. Ví dụ: The girl is kind. I met her yesterday. → The girl who I met yesterday is kind. → “who I met yesterday” là mệnh đề quan hệ.

  Nhiều người bỏ cuộc vì học tiếng Anh quá rối rắm và phức tạp. Blog Kho tiếng Anh giúp bạn thấy tiếng Anh đơn giản hơn bạn nghĩ với bài học tinh giản cùng ví dụ dễ hiểu. Học tốt nhé!  

Đại từ, trạng từ và tính từ quan hệ

 Có 3 đại từ quan hệ và 4 trạng từ quan hệ thường được dùng: who, which, that, where, when, why, whose. 

Hãy đọc ví dụ để hiểu được các vị trí mà chúng được dùng, xem kỹ những chỗ mà Luyện tiếng Anh đã in đậm/highlight nhé:

Đại từ quan hệ

ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ DÙNG CHO VỊ TRÍ CHỦ NGỮ VỊ TRÍ TÂN NGỮ LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ
who/that Người
  1.  A boy is running.
  2. The boy (S) is my friend.

→ The boy who/that is running (S) is my friend.
  1. I met a girl (O) yesterday.
  2. The girl is kind.

→ The girl who/that I met yesterday (S) is kind.

who/that = a girl (người bị met ở câu 1)
Mệnh đề xác định (Defining)
→ Không dùng dấu phẩy 
which/that Vật
  1. A bike is broken.
  2. The bike (S) belongs to Tom.

→ The bike which/that is broken(S) belongs to Tom.
  1. I bought a pen (O).
  2. The pen is blue.

→ The pen which/that I bought (S) is blue.

which/that = a pen (vật bị bought ở câu 1)
Mệnh đề xác định (Defining)
→ Không dùng dấu phẩy 
 Nhớ bookmark lại và chia sẻ bài học này vào trang cá nhân để ôn thi khi cần nghen ❤️ 

Trạng từ & tính từ quan hệ

TỪ QUAN HỆ KHÁC DÙNG CHO VAI TRÒ VÍ DỤ LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ
where Địa điểm Trạng từ quan hệ
  1. This is the park.
  2. We play in this park.

→ This is the park where we play.

where = in this park (nơi chốn ở câu 2)

 Dùng được cho cả hai loại mệnh đề:

  • Xác định: This is the park where we play.
  • Không xác định: The park, where we play, is beautiful.
when Thời gian Trạng từ quan hệ
  1. Sunday is the day.
  2. Everyone rests on that day.

→ Sunday is the day when everyone rests.

when = on that day (thời gian ở câu 2)

  Dùng được cho cả hai loại mệnh đề:

  • Xác định: Sunday is the day when everyone rests.
  • Không xác định: Sunday, when everyone rests, is my favorite day.
why Lý do Trạng từ quan hệ
  1. I know the reason.
  2. He left for that reason.

→ I know the reason why he left.

why = for that reason (lý do ở câu 2)
Chỉ dùng trong mệnh đề xác định:
  • This is the reason why he left.
whose Người sở hữu Tính từ quan hệ
  1. I know a boy.
  2. Father of the boy is a doctor.

→ I know a boy whose father is a doctor.

whose = father of a boy (quan hệ sở hữu ở câu 2)
Dùng được cho cả hai loại mệnh đề:
  • Xác định: I know a boy whose father is a doctor. 
  • Không xác định: The boy, whose father is a doctor, is my classmate.

  • Mệnh đề xác định: Là mệnh đề giúp xác định chính xác người hoặc vật đang nói tới. Nếu bỏ đi → câu không còn rõ nghĩa.

Ví dụ:

“I met a girl who lives next door”. Nếu bỏ “who lives next door“ → “I met a girl”. → Không rõ là cô gái nào

  • Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: Là mệnh đề chỉ thêm thông tin phụ, không cần thiết. Nếu bỏ đi → câu vẫn đủ nghĩa.

Ví dụ:

“My brother, who lives in London, is a teacher.” Nếu bỏ “who lives in London” → My brother is a teacher.→ Vẫn rõ nghĩa

GHI NHỚ NHANH:

Mệnh đề quan hệ là phần câu bắt đầu bằng: who / which / that / whose / where / when / why và toàn bộ mệnh đề sẽ đứng sau danh từ để giải thích rõ hơn.

  • who / which / that → thay cho người / vật
  • where / when / why → chỉ nơi – lúc – lý do
  • Xác định → không dấu phẩy, có that
  • Không xác định → có dấu phẩy, không có that

Bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ

Bài 1: Xác định mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. The student who sits next to me is very quiet. 2. This is the phone that I lost yesterday.
3. The school where my mother works is very old.
4. I don’t like movies which are too violent. 5. She met a writer who doesn’t use social media.
6. This is the day when we don’t have classes.
7. The boy whose bike was stolen is crying. 8. Do you know the reason why she left early?
9. I’m looking for a place where I can study quietly.
10. My sister, who lives abroad, is visiting us. 11. The book that isn’t on the table is mine.
12. Is this the moment when everything changed?
13. The teacher who doesn’t explain clearly confuses students. 14. That’s the house where they didn’t feel safe.
15. The athlete, whose injury was serious, stopped competing.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The man ___ helped me was very kind.

A. which B. who C. where D. why

 2. This is the movie ___ I told you about.

A. who B. where C. which D. when

 3. The house ___ we stayed last summer was near the beach.

A. which B. when C. where D. who
4. I know the reason ___ she refused the offer.

A. which B. when C. why D. whose

 5. The student ___ bag was stolen reported it to the teacher.

A. who B. whose C. which D. where

 6. Do you remember the day ___ we first met?

A. which B. why C. where D. when
7. The laptop ___ is on the desk belongs to Anna.

A. which B. where C. whose D. why

 8. This is the place ___ accidents often happen.

A. which B. when C. where D. who

 9. The girl ___ I sit next to doesn’t talk much.

A. who B. which C. where D. when
10. My uncle, ___ lives in Canada, is visiting us.

A. that B. which C. who D. why

 11. The book ___ cover is torn is very old.

A. which B. whose C. who D. where

 12. This is the moment ___ everything feels possible.

A. which B. why C. when D. whose
13. The teacher ___ doesn’t give homework is popular.

A. where B. who C. which D. when

 14. I don’t like stories ___ have sad endings.

A. who B. where C. which D. when

 15. Is this the reason ___ he didn’t reply?

A. which B. whose C. where D. why

Bài 3: Tìm lỗi sai về mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. The author which wrote this novel won a prize. 2. This is the restaurant that we ate dinner there last night.
3. The village where my grandparents live are very peaceful.
4. I dislike advertisements which interrupts my videos. 5. She is someone who don’t easily give up.
6. That was the year which everything suddenly changed.
7. The child whose parents works abroad feels lonely. 8. Do you know the reason which the flight was delayed?
9. I need a website which I can book tickets on.
10. His manager, that handles foreign clients, travels a lot. 11. The painting who hangs in the hall is very valuable.
12. Is this the stage where we must make a decision?
13. The employees who doesn’t follow safety rules will be fined. 14. That’s the reason when no one answered the phone.
15. The company, whose policies was unclear, lost customers.

Bài 4: Tự điền đáp án đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. The boy ______ is standing near the door is my cousin. 2. I like the book ______ you lent me last week.
3. This is the school ______ my father used to study.
4. The woman ______ son won the prize looked very proud. 5. Do you remember the day ______ we first met?
6. I don’t know the reason ______ he refused the offer.
7. The laptop ______ is on the desk belongs to Anna. 8. The movie ______ we watched yesterday was boring.
9. That’s the house ______ they felt safe.
10. She met a teacher ______ inspired her to learn English. 11. Sunday is the day ______ most shops are closed.
12. The student ______ phone was stolen reported it.
13. This is the problem ______ we need to solve now. 14. The park ______ we play after school is very large.
15. The man, ______ lives next door, is very friendly.

Đáp án

Bài 1: Xác định mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. who sits next to me – defining, cần để biết học sinh nào. 2. that I lost yesterday – defining, that là tân ngữ.
3. where my mother works – defining, where chỉ nơi chốn.
4. which are too violent – defining, mô tả loại phim. 5. who doesn’t use social media – defining, bổ nghĩa cho writer.
6. when we don’t have classes – defining, when chỉ thời gian.
7. whose bike was stolen – defining, whose chỉ sở hữu. 8. why she left early – defining, why chỉ lý do.
9. where I can study quietly – defining, nơi chốn cụ thể.
10. who lives abroad – non-defining, thông tin phụ, có dấu phẩy. 11. that isn’t on the table – defining, that làm chủ ngữ.
12. when everything changed – defining, hỏi về thời điểm.
13. who doesn’t explain clearly – defining, xác định giáo viên nào. 14. where they didn’t feel safe – defining, nơi chốn cụ thể.
15. whose injury was serious – non-defining, thông tin thêm, có dấu phẩy.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ

1. B – who: dùng cho người, làm chủ ngữ. 2. C – which: thay cho vật, làm tân ngữ.
3. C – where: chỉ nơi chốn.
4. C – why: dùng sau reason. 5. B – whose: chỉ sở hữu (bag của student).
6. D – when: chỉ thời gian.
7. A – which: mệnh đề quan hệ cho vật, làm chủ ngữ. 8. C – where: nơi xảy ra sự việc.
9. A – who: thay cho người, làm tân ngữ.
10. C – who: non-defining, không dùng that. 11. B – whose: chỉ sở hữu (cover của book).
12. C – when: chỉ thời điểm.
13. B – who: dùng cho người, làm chủ ngữ. 14. C – which: dùng cho vật (stories).
15. D – why: reason + why.

Bài 3: Tìm lỗi sai về mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. which → who (người) 2. bỏ “there” (không lặp nơi chốn)
3. are → is (village số ít)
4. interrupts → interrupt (advertisements số nhiều) 5. don’t → doesn’t (who = someone, số ít)
6. which → when (year → thời gian)
7. works → work (parents số nhiều) 8. which → why (reason + why)
9. which → where (website = nơi thao tác)
10. that → who (non-defining, không dùng that) 11. who → which/that (vật)
12. where → when (stage = thời điểm/giai đoạn)
13. doesn’t → don’t (employees số nhiều) 14. when → why (reason + why)
15. was → were (policies số nhiều)

Bài 4: Tự điền đáp án đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. who / that – đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ 2. that / which – đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ
3. where – trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
4. whose – chỉ sở hữu 5. when – trạng từ chỉ thời gian
6. why – dùng sau the reason
7. which / that – đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ 8. that / which – đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ
9. where – chỉ nơi chốn
10. who / that – chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ 11. when – day + when
12. whose – chỉ sở hữu
13. that / which – problem + mệnh đề xác định 14. where – place + where
15. who – mệnh đề không xác định, có dấu phẩy
>>> Click xem toàn bộ bài tập
Thu gọn

Một số trường hợp đặc biệt khác của mệnh đề quan hệ

TRƯỜNG HỢP GIẢI THÍCH VÍ DỤ
Giới từ + mệnh đề quan hệ (văn nói) Nói chuyện thường ngày → giới từ hay để cuối câu
You may have a neighbour that you can rely on. (giới từ on đứng cuối)
Giới từ + mệnh đề quan hệ (văn viết trang trọng) Viết nghiêm túc → giới từ đứng trước which / whom
I was unsuccessful in obtaining a place at any of the universities to which I applied.
My boss, for whom I have worked for over 30 years, has decided to retire.
Cụm “the one” + mệnh đề quan hệ Dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh “đúng cái này”
He’s the one who suggested I became a teacher.
My father is the one that taught me to play the piano.
That house is the one where I grew up.
“Where” sau danh từ trừu tượng Không chỉ có nghĩa là “ở đâu”, mà còn có nghĩa là “trong tình huống / giai đoạn đó”

Hay đi với:

  • the situation (tình huống)
  • the stage (giai đoạn)
  • the point (mức độ)
 We were in a situation where there were no easy solutions.

I’m almost at the stage where I’m ready to quit my job and go into business for myself.

I’ve reached the point where I feel I should just give up.

Bài tập về trường hợp đặc biệt của mệnh đề quan hệ

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ

CÂU 1 CÂU 2 CÂU 3
1. You need a friend that you can depend ___ in difficult times.

A. for B. on C. with D. at

 2. This is the company ___ she applied.

A. which B. that C. to which D. where

 3. He’s the one ___ encouraged me to keep going.

A. which B. where C. who D. when
4. She is the one ___ taught me how to drive.

A. where B. who C. which D. when

 5. That was a moment ___ I realized the truth.

A. which B. where C. when D. that

 6. This is the issue ___ we need to focus on.

A. on which B. which C. where D. who
7. We are in a situation ___ no one knows what to do.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

 8. That’s the stage ___ people start questioning their choices.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

 9. This is the point ___ I feel I should stop.

A. which B. where C. when D. that
10. She found a mentor that she could learn a lot ___ .

A. from B. of C. with D. about

 11. He failed to get into the college ___ he applied.

A. which B. where C. to which D. that

 12. He’s the one ___ I trust the most.

A. which B. who C. where D. when
13. We reached a stage ___ continuing felt impossible.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

 14. This is the problem ___ we have been arguing about.

A. which B. about which C. where D. when

 15. She is the one ___ idea changed everything.

A. which B. whose C. who D. where

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về mệnh đề quan hệ

1. You may have a colleague that you can rely in during hard times. 2. I couldn’t get into the university to that I applied last year.
3. He’s the one which suggested we change the plan.
4. She is the one where taught me how to manage money. 5. That apartment is the one which I grew up.
6. We were in a situation which no one knew what to say.
7. I’m almost at the stage which I want to take a break. 8. They reached the point when they decided to cancel everything.
9. This is the project that I’m proud about.
10. My supervisor, for which I have worked for ten years, is retiring. 11. She found the one who design matched her taste perfectly.
12. We’re facing a situation where there is no clear solution.
13. That was the stage where everyone stopped trying. 14. This is the company to which she sent her application to.
15. He’s the one whose encouraged me not to give up.

Bài 3: Tự điền đáp án đúng

1. You need someone that you can count ______ in an emergency. 2. This is the university to ______ she applied last year.
3. He’s the one ______ first believed in my idea.
4. My sister is the one ______ taught me how to cook. 5. That was a moment ______ I realized I had to change.
6. This is the problem ______ we must deal with carefully.
7. We were in a situation ______ nobody knew the answer. 8. I’m now at the stage ______ I need to make a decision.
9. I’ve reached the point ______ giving up seems tempting.
10. She found a mentor that she could learn a lot ______. 11. He failed to get into the college to ______ he had applied.
12. That house is the one ______ I spent my childhood.
13. They are facing a situation ______ quick action is required. 14. This is the stage ______ many people start doubting themselves.
15. She’s the one ______ advice helped me the most.

Đáp án

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ

1. B – depend on, giới từ cuối câu (văn nói). 2. C – văn viết trang trọng: to which.
3. C – the one + who.
4. B – the one + who (người). 5. C – moment + when.
6. A – văn viết: on which.
7. C – situation + where. 8. C – stage + where.
9. B – point + where.
10. A – learn from someone, giới từ cuối câu. 11. C – apply to + which (trang trọng).
12. B – the one + who (tân ngữ).
13. C – stage + where (giai đoạn). 14. B – about which (trang trọng).
15. B – whose chỉ sở hữu.

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về mệnh đề quan hệ

1. in → on (rely on, giới từ cuối câu – văn nói) 2. that → which (văn trang trọng: to which)
3. which → who (the one chỉ người)
4. where → who/that (the one + người, không dùng where) 5. which → where (grow up → nơi chốn)
6. which → where (situation + where)
7. which → where (stage + where) 8. when → where (point + where)
9. about → bỏ (proud of → không dùng about)
10. which → whom (for whom dùng cho người) 11. design → designed (chia thì trong mệnh đề quan hệ)
12. Không lỗi – situation + where dùng đúng
13. Không lỗi – stage + where dùng đúng 14. bỏ “to” cuối (không lặp giới từ)
15. whose → who (whose không đi với động từ)

Bài 3: Tự điền đáp án đúng

1. on – count on (văn nói, giới từ cuối câu) 2. which – văn viết trang trọng: to which
3. who – the one chỉ người
4. who / that – the one + mệnh đề quan hệ 5. when – moment + when
6. that / which – deal with + something
7. where – situation + where 8. where – stage + where
9. where – point + where
10. from – learn from someone 11. which – to which (trang trọng)
12. where – the one + nơi chốn
13. where – situation + where 14. where – stage + where
15. whose – chỉ sở hữu (advice của one)
>>> Click xem toàn bộ bài tập
Thu gọn

Lưu ý: Relative clause có thể được thay thế bằng các cấu trúc trong bảng sau:

Cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

Ví dụ:

The money which was stolen was never recovered. → The money stolen was never recovered.

The man who is standing over there is my teacher. → The man standing over there is my teacher.

  • Cụm đồng vị [(a/an/the) + Danh từ]:

Ví dụ:

Mr. Smith, who is a famous doctor, lives next door.  →  Mr. Smith, a famous doctor, lives next door.

  • Cụm giới từ [Giới từ + Danh từ]:

Ví dụ:

The house which is on the hill is very old. → The house on the hill is very old.

  • Cụm tính từ [Tính từ (hoặc cụm tính từ)]:

Ví dụ:

The workers who are angry about the pay cut went on strike. → The workers angry about the pay cut went on strike.

Bài tập về cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng về cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The man who is waiting outside is my uncle.

A. The man waited outside is my uncle.

B. The man waiting outside is my uncle.

C. The man is waiting outside is my uncle.

D. The man who waiting outside is my uncle.

 2. The documents which were signed yesterday are missing.

A. The documents signing yesterday are missing.

B. The documents signed yesterday are missing.

C. The documents which signed yesterday are missing.

D. The documents were signed yesterday are missing.

 3. Ms. Green, who is a talented designer, works here.

A. Ms. Green, talented designer, works here.

B. Ms. Green is a talented designer works here.

C. Ms. Green, a talented designer, works here.

D. Ms. Green who talented designer works here.
4. The café which is near the river is popular.

A. The café near the river is popular.

B. The café which near the river is popular.

C. The café is near the river is popular.

D. The café being near the river is popular.

 5. The students who are nervous about the exam are silent.

A. The students nervous about the exam are silent.

B. The students are nervous about the exam are silent.

C. The students nervously about the exam are silent.

D. The students who nervous about the exam are silent.

 6. The girl who was chosen for the team is very excited.

A. The girl choosing for the team is very excited.

B. The girl chosen for the team is very excited.

C. The girl who chosen for the team is very excited.

D. The girl was chosen for the team is very excited.
7. Mr. Long, who is a former pilot, lives nearby.

A. Mr. Long, former pilot, lives nearby.

B. Mr. Long former pilot lives nearby.

C. Mr. Long is a former pilot lives nearby.

D. Mr. Long who former pilot lives nearby.

 8. The house which is on the corner was sold.

A. The house on the corner was sold.

B. The house is on the corner was sold.

C. The house which on the corner was sold.

D. The house being on the corner was sold.

 9. The workers who are tired after the shift went home early.

A. The workers tired after the shift went home early.

B. The workers tiring after the shift went home early.

C. The workers are tired after the shift went home early.

D. The workers who tired after the shift went home early.
10. The email which was sent this morning contains errors.

A. The email sending this morning contains errors.

B. The email sent this morning contains errors.

C. The email which sent this morning contains errors.

D. The email was sent this morning contains errors.

 11. Anna, who is my closest friend, helped me.

A. Anna closest friend helped me.

B. Anna is my closest friend helped me.

C. Anna, my closest friend, helped me.

D. Anna who closest friend helped me.

 12. The restaurant which is across the street is closed.

A. The restaurant across the street is closed.

B. The restaurant which across the street is closed.

C. The restaurant is across the street is closed.

D. The restaurant being across the street is closed.
13. The players who are angry about the decision protested.

A. The players anger about the decision protested.

B. The players angrily about the decision protested.

C. The players angry about the decision protested.

D. The players who angry about the decision protested.

 14. The painting which was stolen last year was found.

A. The painting stealing last year was found.

B. The painting stolen last year was found.

C. The painting which stolen last year was found.

D. The painting was stolen last year was found.

 15. Dr. Hill, who is an expert in biology, gave a talk.

A. Dr. Hill, expert in biology, gave a talk.

B. Dr. Hill expert in biology

C. Dr. Hill is an expert in biology gave a talk.

D. Dr. Hill who expert in biology gave a talk.

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The scientist which discovered the vaccine won an award. 2. I spoke to a manager who his team works remotely.
3. This is a company where produces eco-friendly products.
4. The laptop that I need it for work is being repaired. 5. That was the moment when everything was changed suddenly.
6. She’s the one which inspired me to start writing.
7. The conference held last week it attracted many experts. 8. The village where I grew up in has changed a lot.
9. He rejected the offer, which surprised me very much, yesterday.
10. The employees working hard are rewarded every month. 11. We reached a point where we had no options left at it.
12. The engineer designing the system was promoted.
13. My aunt, that lives in Canada, is visiting us. 14. The article writing by the editor was published online.
15. I remember the situation where nobody knew what to do in it.

Bài 3: Tự điền cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The journalist ______ interviewed the witness wrote a long report. 2. This is the device ______ I depend on for my work.
3. The laboratory ______ the experiment was conducted is closed now.
4. She remembers the year ______ she moved abroad alone. 5. I don’t understand the reason ______ the meeting was postponed.
6. The athlete ______ coach resigned felt disappointed.
7. The documents ______ were damaged in the flood must be replaced. 8. That’s the restaurant ______ we celebrated our graduation.
9. The colleague ______ I spoke to earlier hasn’t replied yet.
10. We reached a stage ______ further discussion seemed pointless. 11. The engineer ______ design won the award thanked his team.
12. This is the route ______ connects the city to the harbour.
13. She met someone ______ advice completely changed her plan. 14. I still remember the moment ______ the lights suddenly went out.
15. The software ______ I’m familiar with has been updated.

***Đáp án

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng về cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

1. B. V-ing thay who is 2. B. V3 thay which were
3. C. Cụm danh từ (non-defining)
4. A. Cụm giới từ near the river 5. A. Cụm tính từ nervous
6. B. Bị động → V3
7. A. Cụm danh từ 8. A. Giới từ + danh từ
9. A. Tính từ mô tả người
10. B. V3 rút gọn bị động 11. C. Cụm danh từ, có dấu phẩy
12. A. Cụm giới từ
13. C. Tính từ sau danh từ 14. B. V3 thay which was
15. A. Cụm danh từ (apposition)

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

1. which → who. Đại từ cho người 2. who his → whose. Dạng sở hữu
3. where → that/which. Where không làm chủ ngữ
4. need it → need. Thừa tân ngữ 5. was changed → changed. Chủ động, không bị động
6. which → who. The one chỉ người
7. held last week it → held last week. Thừa it 8. grew up in → grew up. Thừa giới từ
9. vị trí “yesterday”. Trạng từ đặt sai chỗ
10. working hard are → working hard are being / are. Thiếu liên kết 11. at it → bỏ. Thừa giới từ
12. designing … was → designing … is. Sai thì
13. that → who. Non-defining không dùng that 14. writing → written. Bị động → V3
15. in it → bỏ. Thừa giới từ

Bài 3: Tự điền cấu trúc thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ

1. who. Đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ (người) 2. that / which. Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ
3. where. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
4. when. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian 5. why. Dùng sau the reason
6. whose. Chỉ sở hữu (coach của athlete)
7. which / that. Đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ 8. where. Nơi diễn ra sự việc
9. whom / who / that. Làm tân ngữ
10. where. stage + where (nghĩa trừu tượng) 11. whose. Chỉ sở hữu (design của engineer)
12. that / which. Làm chủ ngữ
13. whose. Chỉ sở hữu (advice của someone) 14. when. moment + when
15. that / which. Làm tân ngữ
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