Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh cơ bản

Cụm danh từ (Noun Phrase): Kiến thức tinh gọn dễ hiểu và bài tập giúp ghi nhớ sâu

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Khi học hoặc đọc tiếng Anh, chúng ta thường gặp những câu với chủ ngữ là cụm danh từ – noun phrase rất dài. Ví dụ:

  • The data collected from the sites in Sydney Harbour shows how pollution has changed over time. -> Cụm danh từ: The data collected from the sites in Sydney Harbour
  • The rubbish lying at the bottom of the harbour affects the habitat of many marine species.-> Cụm danh từ: The rubbish lying at the bottom of the harbour

Với những câu như trên, nhiều học sinh chưa có nền tảng vững vàng dễ bị ngợp vì:

  • Không xác định được chủ ngữ chính, hay cụ thể hơn đâu là cụm danh từ chính
  • Không nhận ra được phần nào đang bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó
  • Bị mất phương hướng dễ dàng khi làm những bài Reading và Listening dài hơi.

Vì thế, việc nắm được cấu tạo của một cụm danh từ trong tiếng Anh sẽ giúp người học đọc hiểu và nghe nhanh hơn, viết câu rõ ràng hơn, và tự tin hơn khi gặp chúng trong sách, báo, hoặc bài thi.

Bài học Cụm danh từ nằm trong series 35 bài học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh chủ chốt. Hoàn tất series này, bạn sẽ có nền tảng ngữ pháp vững vàng.

List dưới đây là lộ trình học ngữ pháp chuẩn từ con số 0: Học đúng thứ tự, bám sát từng bài để củng cố kiến thức bạn nhé:

Chặng 1:

Chặng 2:

Chặng 3:

Chặng 4:

Chặng 5:

Chặng 6:

Chặng 7:

>>> Click xem toàn bộ list bài học
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Tổng hợp về cụm danh từ

  Nhiều người bỏ cuộc vì học tiếng Anh quá rối rắm và phức tạp. Blog Kho tiếng Anh giúp bạn thấy tiếng Anh đơn giản hơn bạn nghĩ với bài học tinh giản cùng ví dụ dễ hiểu. Học tốt nhé!  

Cấu trúc chung của Cụm danh từ – Noun phrase

Cấu trúc các loại cụm danh từ

CẤU TRÚC THÀNH PHẦN Chức năng Ví dụ
Det + N Determiner Xác định danh từ

1) this (Det) + rubbish (N)

→ This rubbish needs to be removed immediately. 

2) these (Det) + creatures (N)

→These creatures live in deep ocean areas.
Det + Adj / Adv + N Adj / Adv Mô tả tính chất của danh từ 1) this (Det) + horrible (Adj) + rubbish (N)

→ This horrible rubbish is polluting the water.

2) a (Det) + rich (Adj) + habitat (N)

→ A rich habitat supports many marine species.
N + Prep + N Prepositional phrase Số lượng / vị trí / sở hữu

1) bottle (N) + of (Prep) + water (N)

→She drank a bottle of water after the long walk.

2) species (N) + in (Prep) + the harbour (N)

→ The species in the harbour are being monitored by scientists.
N + V3 (+ info) Past participle clause Nghĩa bị động

1) data (N) + collected (V3) + from the sites

→ The data collected from the sites shows rising pollution levels.

2) areas (N) + cleared (V3) + of rubbish

→ The areas cleared of rubbish look much better now.
N + V-ing (+ info) Present participle clause Nghĩa chủ động

1) debris (N) + lying (V-ing) + on the sea floor

→ The debris lying on the sea floor is difficult to remove.

2) fish (N) + swimming (V-ing) + near the surface

→ The fish swimming near the surface are easy to observe.
N + to V To-infinitive clause Mục đích / ý định

1) place (N) + to visit (to-V)

→ This is the best place to visit in summer.

2) time (N) + to go (to-V)

→ It’s almost time to go to the airport.
 Nhớ bookmark lại và chia sẻ bài học này vào trang cá nhân để ôn thi khi cần nghen ❤️ 

Công thức chung của cụm danh từ

Det + Adj + N + (Prep Phrase / V3 / V-ing / to-V)

Chú thích:

  • Det: Determiner ( Từ xác định)
  • Adj: Adjective (Tính từ)
  • Adv: Adverb (Trạng từ)
  • N: Noun (Danh từ)
  • Prep: Preposition (Giới từ)
  • V3: Past Participle (Động từ cột 3)

  Để kiến thức Cụm danh từ ở lại lâu hơn, bạn cùng thực hành bài tập với Kho tiếng Anh nhé: 

***Bài tập cụm danh từ

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng cho cụm danh từ

1. Which phrase shows Det + N?

A. these oceans

B. oceans to explore

C. oceans filled with salt

D. oceans surrounding islands

 2. Which option is N + Prep + N?

A. flow of air

B. this windy flow

C. flow blowing quickly

D. flow to measure

 3. Which example uses N + V3 (+ info)?

A. birds singing loudly

B. data from the lab

C. files printed yesterday

D. these large files
4. Which is Det + Adj + N

A. forest near the lake

B. that deep forest

C. forest to explore

D. forest covered in fog

 5. Which phrase uses N + V-ing (+ info)?

A. animals hunted by poachers

B. animals in danger

C. animals to protect

D. animals running across the field

 6. Which option shows N + to V?

A. bottle to carry

B. bottle of water

C. this heavy bottle

D. bottle rolling away
7. Which one is N + Prep + N?

A. trees shaking strongly

B. a group of trees

C. these tall trees

D. trees to climb

 8. Which is Det + N?

A. river to cross

B. that river

C. river of stones

D. river flowing fast

 9. Which phrase fits N + V-ing (+ info)?

A. water boiled for tea

B. water of the lake

C. water to drink

D. water falling from the roof
10. Which phrase uses N + V3 (+ info)?

A. the repaired bridge

B. bridge with cracks

C. this long bridge

D. bridge to strengthen

 11. Choose the Det + Adj + N structure.

A. a quiet garden

B. garden to relax

C. garden behind the house

D. garden growing quickly

 12. Which option shows N + to V?

A. place with many birds

B. place to rest

C. this peaceful place

D. place surrounded by water
13. Which is Det + N?

A. these beaches

B. beaches to avoid

C. beaches polluted recently

D. beaches near mountains

 14. Which noun phrase is N + Prep + N?

A. map showing directions

B. map to follow

C. map of the city

D. that colorful map

 15. Which phrase is N + V-ing (+ info)?

A. islands to explore

B. islands in storms

C. islands hit by waves

D. islands rising from the sea  (bài tập cụm danh từ)

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về cụm danh từ

1. The students preparing the test finished early. 2. She bought the cup of coffee hot this morning.
3. They visited a place relax to during the trip.
4. He noticed the rubbish contained on the river. 5. We walked through the forest near houses the old.
6. She met the happily children playing outside.
7. They used a tool measure to the temperature. 8. He read the report completed yesterday quickly.
9. She saw the leaves falling soft on the ground.
10. The data collected from the site were useful. 11. He found a bottle water of on the table.
12. They discovered the insects tiny these under the rock.
13. She admired this beautiful building modern. 14. A slice bread of was left in the box.
15. He looked at the animals living the happily in the shelter.

Bài 3: Hoàn chỉnh câu với cụm danh từ

1. She admired ___ in the garden.

A. flowers collected yesterday

B. flowers to bloom

C. these flowers

D. flowers blooming brightly

 2. They walked near ___ during the evening.

A. this wide river

B. river with bridges

C. river to cross

D. river flowing smoothly

3. He read ___ before the presentation.

A. report with completion

B. the completed yesterday report

C. the report completed yesterday

D. report to complete yesterday (bài tập cụm danh từ)
4. She found ___ on the desk.

A. this broken pen

B. a pen to write

C. a pen of ink

D. pen writing quickly

 5. We visited ___ on our trip.

A. places to relax

B. places relaxing peacefully

C. these relaxing places

D. place of relaxation

6. He enjoyed watching ___ from the cliff.

A. birds to fly below

B. birds of prey

C. birds flying below

D. the flying birds beautifully
7. They discussed ___ this morning.

A. a plan expanding quickly

B. this rapid plan

C. plan with expansion

D. a plan to expand

 8. She bought ___ for the picnic.

A. this fresh juice

B. a bottle of juice

C. juice made freshly

D. juice to drink

9. He noticed ___ at the station.

A. people to wait outside

B. people waited outside

C. the outside people

D. people waiting outside
10. They explored ___ near the mountains.

A. path exploring far

B. path to explore

C. path of stones

D. the stony path

 11. He checked ___ in the folder.

A. files to store

B. files stored yesterday

C. these blue files

D. the storing files

 12. She entered ___ quietly.

A. building to enter

B. the old building

C. building of history

D. building standing silently
13. He admired ___ at the museum.

A. statue of stone

B. statue to admire

C. this ancient statue

D. statue carved recently

 14. They passed ___ during the tour.

A. the bridge crossed river

B. bridge to cross

C. a bridge crossing the river

D. bridge of crossing

15. She pointed at ___ near the shore.

A. waves to hit rocks

B. these large waves

C. rocks hitting waves

D. waves hitting the rocks  (bài tập cụm danh từ)

Bài 4: Tự tạo cụm danh từ

Từ gốc Det + N Det + Adj + N Det + Adj + Adj + N N + Prep + N Det + Adj + N + Prep + N N + V3 N + V-ing (+ Prep + N) N + to-V Combo (Det + Adj + N + Prep + N + V3 + to-V)
student a student a hardworking student a young smart student student in my class the best student in the class the student chosen the student studying in the library a student to help the teacher the smart student in my class chosen to represent the school
teacher                  
book                  
city                  
problem                  

Đáp án Bài tập cụm danh từ

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng cho cụm danh từ

1A, 2A, 3C, 4B, 5D, 6A, 7B, 8B, 9D, 10A, 11A, 12B, 13A, 14C, 15D

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về cụm danh từ

  1. The students preparing the test finished early.→ (Đúng rồi – không cần sửa.)
  2. She bought the cup of hot coffee this morning.
  3. They visited a place to relax during the trip.
  4. He noticed the rubbish contained in the river.
  5. We walked through the forest near the old houses.
  6. She met the happily playing children outside.→ Hoặc tự nhiên hơn: She met the happy children playing outside.
  7. They used a tool to measure the temperature.
  8. He read the report completed yesterday quickly.
  9. She saw the leaves falling softly on the ground.
  10. The data collected from the site were useful.→ (Data = plural trong academic English → were)
  11. He found a bottle of water on the table.
  12. They discovered the tiny insects under the rock.
  13. She admired this beautifully modern building.→ Hoặc: She admired this beautiful modern building.
  14. A slice of bread was left in the box.
  15. He looked at the animals living happily in the shelter.

Bài 3: Hoàn chỉnh câu với cụm danh từ

1C, 2A, 3C, 4B, 5A, 6C, 7D, 8B, 9D, 10C, 11B, 12B, 13C, 14C, 15D

Bài 4: Tự tạo cụm danh từ

Từ gốc Det + N Det + Adj + N Det + Adj + Adj + N N + Prep + N Det + Adj + N + Prep + N N + V3 N + V-ing (+ Prep + N) N + to-V Combo (Det + Adj + N + Prep + N + V3 + to-V)
student a student a hardworking student a young smart student student in my class the best student in the class the student chosen the student studying in the library a student to help the teacher the smart student in my class chosen to represent the school
teacher a teacher a kind teacher a new kind teacher teacher at my school the new teacher at my school the teacher invited the teacher working in the office a teacher to help students the new kind teacher at my school invited to lead the project
book a book a useful book a new useful book book on the table the new book on the table the book borrowed the book lying on the desk a book to read the new useful book on the table borrowed to read tonight
city a city a big city a busy big city city in Vietnam the busy city in Vietnam the city chosen the city growing fast a city to visit the busy city in Vietnam chosen to host the event
problem a problem a serious problem a big serious problem problem in my homework the serious problem in my homework the problem solved the problem getting worse a problem to solve the serious problem in my homework solved to pass the test
>>> Click xem toàn bộ bài tập
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