Câu tường thuật – Reported speech là dạng câu dùng để kể lại, thuật lại lời nói của người khác mà không lặp nguyên văn.
Ví dụ:
→ She said that she was tired .
Dạng câu này được dùng rất nhiều trong giao tiếp hằng ngày, email, báo cáo, bài thi tiếng Anh và các bài viết học thuật.
Đây là bài học Câu tường thuật trong series 35 bài học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh chủ chốt. Hoàn tất series này, bạn sẽ có nền tảng ngữ pháp vững vàng.
List dưới đây là lộ trình học ngữ pháp chuẩn từ con số 0: Học đúng thứ tự, bám sát từng bài để củng cố kiến thức bạn nhé:
Chặng 1:
Chặng 2:
Chặng 3:
Chặng 4:
Chặng 5:
Chặng 6:
Chặng 7:
Tất tần tật về câu tường thuật
Nếu bạn dễ bị “đuối” khi “cày” lý thuyết tiếng Anh dài dằng dặc thì bạn đã đến nơi phù hợp. Các kiến thức của blog Kho tiếng Anh luôn cô đọng, đi vào trọng tâm với ví dụ minh họa dễ hiểu. Học tốt nhé!
Tổng hợp cấu tạo và quy tắc lùi thì của câu tường thuật
Ghi nhớ nhanh
| LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT |
CẤU TRÚC |
LƯU Ý |
VÍ DỤ |
| Câu kể |
S + said (that) + S + V(lùi thì) |
said không cần tân ngữ |
He said (that) he was tired.
|
|
S + told + O + (that) + S + V(lùi thì) |
told bắt buộc có tân ngữ |
She told me (that) she was busy.
|
| Câu hỏi |
Yes/No: S + asked + if/whether + S + V(lùi thì) |
Không có trợ động từ |
He asked if I liked coffee.
|
|
WH-: S + asked + WH + S + V(lùi thì) |
Không dùng dấu hỏi (?) |
|
| Mệnh lệnh / Yêu cầu |
S + told/asked/advised + O + to + V |
Dùng cho lệnh, yêu cầu |
She told me to sit down.
|
| |
S + told/asked + O + not to + V |
Dùng cho lệnh, yêu cầu |
He told me not to be late.
|
| |
agree, promise, explain, claim… + that + S + V |
Dùng nhiều trong văn viết |
He promised that he would help.
|
| V + to V |
agree, offer, refuse, promise… + to V |
Không cần có đối tượng (người, vật) |
|
| V + O + to V |
advise, ask, tell, remind, warn… + O + to V |
Bắt buộc có đối tượng (người, vật) |
|
| V + V-ing / noun |
admit, deny, suggest + V-ing / noun |
Không dùng “that” |
He denied stealing the money.
|
| V + prep + V-ing / noun |
complain about, apologise for, insist on… |
Luôn có giới từ |
He complained about the noise.
|
| V + O + prep + V-ing / noun |
thank for, blame for, accuse of… |
Có cả đối tượng + giới từ |
They blamed him for lying.
|
GHI NHỚ NHANH VỀ CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
- said → đi trực tiếp với người, lùi lại 1 thì. Ví dụ: He said that he was tired.
- told / advised / warned → bắt buộc có tân ngữ, lùi lại 1 thì. Ví dụ: She told me that she was busy.
- Câu hỏi → không có trợ động từ, lùi lại 1 thì. Ví dụ: He asked if I liked coffee.
- V-ing → không dùng “that”. Ví dụ: He denied stealing the money.
- prep + V-ing → luôn phải có giới từ. Ví dụ: She insisted on paying the bill.
Quy tắc lùi thì của câu tường thuật
Ghi nhớ quy tắc lùi thì
“Khi động từ tường thuật (said, told, asked…) ở quá khứ, thì của câu bên trong thường phải lùi về 1 bậc.”
***Không lùi thì khi:
(1) Sự thật hiển nhiên, luôn đúng
(2) Sự việc vẫn còn đúng ở hiện tại
| CÂU TRỰC TIẾP |
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT |
VÍ DỤ |
| Present Simple (V / V-s) |
Past Simple |
I work here. → He said he worked there. |
| Present Continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) |
Past Continuous |
I am studying. → She said she was studying. |
| Past Simple (V2) |
Past Perfect |
I finished. → He said he had finished. |
| Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing) |
Past Perfect Continuous |
I was waiting. → She said she had been waiting. |
| Present Perfect (have/has + V3) |
Past Perfect |
I have eaten. → He said he had eaten. |
| Will |
Would |
I will go. → She said she would go. |
| Can |
Could |
I can swim. → He said he could swim. |
| May / Might |
Might |
I may come. → She said she might come. |
| Must |
Had to |
I must work. → He said he had to work. |
| Be going to |
Was/Were going to |
I’m going to quit. → She said she was going to quit. |
Nhớ bookmark lại và chia sẻ bài học này vào trang cá nhân để ôn thi khi cần nghen ❤️
Quy tắc đổi mốc thời gian
Do câu tường thuật diễn đạt lại lời nói ở một thời điểm khác, nên mốc thời gian trong câu gốc có thể không còn đúng ở hiện tại. Nếu giữ nguyên, câu sẽ sai nghĩa hoặc gây hiểu nhầm.
hãy sử dụng bảng chi tiết cách đổi mốc thời gian như bên dưới nhé:
| TỪ TRỰC TIẾP |
CHUYỂN QUA TƯỜNG THUẬT |
| today |
that day |
| tomorrow |
the next day |
| yesterday |
the day before |
| now |
then |
| here |
there |
| this |
that |
Hiểu lý thuyết rồi thì cùng làm bài tập câu tường thuật với Kho tiếng Anh để nhớ lâu hơn nhé:
***Bài tập câu tường thuật
Bài 1: Điền đáp án đúng cho câu tường thuật
| 1. “I am tired.” → He said that ___ tired. |
2. “I will call you tomorrow.” → She said she ___ me the next day. |
3. “I live here.” → He said that he lived ___.
|
| 4. “Do you like coffee?” → He asked if I ___ coffee. |
5. “Where are you going?” → She asked where I ___. |
6. “Don’t be late.” → He told me ___ late.
|
| 7. “Sit down.” → She told him ___ down. |
8. “I finished my homework.” → He said that he ___ finished his homework. |
9. “I can swim.” → She said that she ___ swim.
|
| 10. “I must work today.” → He said that he ___ work that day. |
11. “We are studying now.” → They said that they ___ studying then. |
12. “Please help me.” → She asked him ___ help her.
|
| 13. “I’m going to quit.” → She said she ___ going to quit. |
14. “I may come later.” → He said that he ___ come later. |
15. “This is my house.” → He said that ___ was his house.
|
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai của câu tường thuật
| 1. Lan said that she feel very nervous. |
2. Tom told that his brother was sick. |
3. The teacher asked do we understand the lesson.
|
| 4. She asked where did he work. |
5. The officer told me open the door. |
6. The doctor advised her stay in bed.
|
| 7. He admitted to break the window. |
8. They complained the loud music. |
9. She blamed her sister that she was late.
|
| 10. He said he will start a new job next week. |
11. She said she must finish the report that night. |
12. They said they were meeting here tomorrow.
|
| 13. He asked me what was I doing. |
14. She promised call me later. |
15. The coach suggested to practice harder.
|
Bài 3: Viết câu tường thuật hoàn chỉnh
| 1. “I am exhausted,” Minh said. |
2. “We will submit the report tomorrow,” they said. |
3. “I live near the beach,” she said. |
| 4. “Do you enjoy online classes?” the teacher asked me. |
5. “Where are you working now?” she asked him. |
6. “Don’t touch the wires,” the guard said to us. |
| 7. “Close the window,” my mother said to me. |
8. “I finished the project last night,” he said. |
9. “I can solve this problem,” Anna said. |
| 10. “I must attend the meeting today,” he said. |
11. “We are having lunch now,” they said. |
12. “Please send me the file,” she said to him. |
| 13. “I’m going to change my major,” she said. |
14. “I might arrive late,” he said. (bài tập câu tường thuật) |
15. “This is my favorite café,” she said. |
***Đáp án Bài tập câu tường thuật
Bài 1: Điền đáp án đúng cho câu tường thuật
| 1. He said that he was tired. |
2. She said she would call me the next day. |
3. He said that he lived there.
|
| 4. He asked if I liked coffee. |
5. She asked where I was going. |
6. He told me not to be late.
|
| 7. She told him to sit down. |
8. He said that he had finished his homework. |
9. She said that she could swim.
|
| 10. He said that he had to work that day. |
11. They said that they were studying then. |
12. She asked him to help her.
|
| 13. She said she was going to quit. |
14. He said that she might come late. |
15. He said that that was his house.
|
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai của câu tường thuật
| 1. felt – Lùi thì feel → felt |
2. to his brother – told bắt buộc có tân ngữ |
3. if we understood – Không dùng do
|
| 4. where he worked – Không đảo did |
5. to open the door – Mệnh lệnh dùng to V |
6. to stay in bed – advise + O + to V
|
| 7. breaking – admit + V-ing |
8. about the loud music – complain + about |
9. for being late – blame + for + V-ing
|
| 10. would start – will → would |
11. had to finish – must → had to |
12. the next day – tomorrow → the next day
|
| 13. what I was doing – Không đảo |
14. to call me later – promise + to V |
15. practicing harder – suggest + V-ing (bài tập câu tường thuật)
|
Bài 3: Viết câu tường thuật hoàn chỉnh
| 1. Minh said that he was exhausted. |
2. They said that they would submit the report the next day. |
3. She said that she lived near the beach.
|
| 4. The teacher asked me if I enjoyed online classes. |
5. She asked him where he was working then. |
6. The guard told us not to touch the wires.
|
| 7. My mother told me to close the window. |
8. He said that he had finished the project the night before. |
9. Anna said that she could solve that problem.
|
| 10. He said that he had to attend the meeting that day. |
11. They said that they were having lunch then. |
12. She asked him to send her the file.
|
| 13. She said that she was going to change her major. |
14. He said that he might arrive late. |
15. She said that that was her favorite café.
|
